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Numerical investigation of the ultimate lateral resistance of piles in soft clay

Konstantinos P. TZIVAKOS,Michael J. KAVVADAS

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2014, Volume 8, Issue 2,   Pages 194-200 doi: 10.1007/s11709-014-0251-0

Abstract: The paper presents a numerical study on the undrained lateral response of a single, free-head, reinforced concrete pile in soft clays. Soil conditions simulating normally consolidated clays are examined—undrained shear strength increasing with depth—and the pile-soil interaction under static lateral loading is analyzed. The nonlinear ? curves proposed in literature for soft clays are imported into a beam-on-nonlinear-Winkler-foundation simulation in order to predict the pile head lateral load—displacement curve and the distribution of the horizontal displacement and bending moment along the pile. The striking differences among these methods require further investigation via 3D finite element analyses. The determination of the ultimate soil resistance from the results of the finite element analyses aims at providing the estimation of a range of values for the ultimate soil resistance coefficient with depth and the comparison of the derived values to the corresponding ones proposed by existing methodologies.

Keywords： laterally loaded     pile     soft clay     <i>pi>?<i>yi> curves     finite element method (FEM)    

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Progress in breeding for resistance to Ug99 and other races of the stem rust fungus in CIMMYT wheat germplasm

Sridhar BHAVANI, David P. HODSON, Julio HUERTA-ESPINO, Mandeep S. RANDHAWA, Ravi P. SINGH

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2019, Volume 6, Issue 3,   Pages 210-224 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019268

Abstract: <p>Races belonging to the Ug99 (TTKSK) lineage of the wheat stem rust fungus, carrying complex virulencep>

Keywords： adult plant resistance     black rust     race-specific resistance     <i>Triticum aestivumi>    

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Non-thermal plasma for exhaust gases treatment

,Marquidia PACHECO P.,Fernando GÓMEZ B.,Joel PACHECO P.,Arturo COLÍN C.,Hilda FRÍAS P.

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2015, Volume 10, Issue 3,   Pages 301-305 doi: 10.1007/s11465-015-0344-z

Abstract: <p>This article describes a study on a non-thermal plasma device to treat exhaust gases in an internalp>

Keywords： plasma treatment     NO<i>xi>     CO     CO2     particulate matter     vehicle    

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Antifungal and antibacterial functions of medicinal leech recombinant destabilase-lysozyme and its heated-up derivative

PISKUNKOVA, I. B. PAVLOVA, L. L. ZAVALOVA, I. P. BASKOVA

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2012, Volume 6, Issue 2,   Pages 203-209 doi: 10.1007/s11705-012-1277-2

Abstract: Antifungal activity of recombinant medicinal leech destabilase-lysozyme (rec.Dest-Lys) was investigated by using fungi: , and , including yeasts and . Its antibacterial activity was investigated on gram-negative bacteria . These activities were assessed by radial agar diffusion assay, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Therefore, destabilase-lysozyme not only is endo-isopeptidase and lysozyme, but also has antifungal and antibacterial activities. Muramidase activity of rec.Dest-Lys disappeared after heat-treating at 90°C for 50 min without the loss of its antimicrobial activity. Furthermore we showed for the first time that the heated-up derivative of rec.Dest-Lys exhibited more potent activities against the above enumerated fungi and gram-negative bacteria than original protein.

Keywords： recombinant destabilase-lysozyme (rec.Dest-Lys)     antimicrobial activity     antifungal activity     medicinal leech     heated-up derivative of rec.Dest-Lys (T-rec.Dest-Lys)    

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Low-k integration: Gas screening for cryogenic etching and plasma damage mitigation

Romain Chanson, Remi Dussart, Thomas Tillocher, P.

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2019, Volume 13, Issue 3,   Pages 511-516 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1820-5

Abstract: The integration of porous organo-silicate low- materials has met a lot of technical challenges. One of the main issues is plasma-induced damage, occurring for all plasma steps involved during interconnects processing. In the present paper, we focus on porous SiOCH low- damage mitigation using cryogenic temperature so as to enable micro-capillary condensation. The aim is to protect the porous low- from plasma-induced damage and keep the -value of the material unchanged, in order to limit the RC delay of interconnexion levels while shrinking the microchip dimension. The cryogenic temperature is used to condense a gas inside the porous low- material. Then, the etching process is performed at the temperature of condensation in order to keep the condensate trapped inside the material during the etching. In the first part of this work, the condensation properties of several gases are screened, leading to a down selection of five gases. Then, their stability into the porous structure is evaluated at different temperature. Four of them are used for plasma damage mitigation comparison. Damage mitigation is effective and shows negligible damage for one of the gases at –50°C.

Keywords： low-<i>ki>     nanotechnology     micro-electronics     cryo-etching     plasma processing    

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Autoimmunity in acute ischemic stroke and the role of blood—brain barrier: the dark side or the light one?

Tsygan, Alexandr P. Trashkov, Igor V. Litvinenko, Viktoriya A. Yakovleva, Alexandr V.Vasiliev, Leonid P. Churilov

Frontiers of Medicine 2019, Volume 13, Issue 4,   Pages 420-426 doi: 10.1007/s11684-019-0688-6

Abstract: This article presents a synopsis of the current data on the mechanisms of blood—brain barrier (BBB) alteration and autoimmune response in acute ischemic stroke. Most researchers confirm the relationship between the severity of immunobiochemical changes and clinical outcome of acute ischemic stroke. Ischemic stroke is accompanied by aseptic inflammation, which alters the brain tissue and exposes the co-stimulatory molecules of the immune system and the neuronal antigens. To date, BBB is not considered the border between the immune system and central nervous system, and the local immune subsystems are found within and behind the BBB. BBB disruption contributes to the leakage of brain autoantigens and induction of secondary autoimmune response to neuronal antigens and long-term inflammation. Glymphatic system function is altered and jeopardized both in hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke types. The receptors of innate immunity (toll-like receptor-2 and toll-like receptor-4) are also involved in acute ischemia—reperfusion injury. Immune response is related to the key processes of blood clotting and fibrinolysis. At the same time, the stroke-induced immune activation may promote reparation phenomena in the brain. Subsequent research on the reduction of the acute ischemic brain injury through the target regulation of the immune response is promising.

Keywords： stroke     blood–brain barrier     autoimmunity     innate immunity     inflammation     cell death    

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Impact of FACTS devices on exercising market power in deregulated electricity market

Shanmugam PRABHAKAR KARTHIKEYAN, I. JACOB RAGLEND, D. P. KOTHARI

Frontiers in Energy 2013, Volume 7, Issue 4,   Pages 448-455 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0262-x

Abstract: In power system studies, congestion in transmission lines and utilization of flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices are closely associated. These devices are very important due to their role in power delivery system enhancement. It is to be noted that the generation companies can exercise their market power which depends on the line flows, line constraints, generators’ location and its share to the individual loads. This issue cannot be overlooked as it creates monopoliness which is against the deregulated market policy. The objective of this paper is to study the impact of market power when FACTS devices like thyristor controlled switching capacitor (TCSC) and thyristor controlled phase angle regulator (TCPAR) are used under steady state operation. The market power is determined using nodal must-run share (NMRS) index for the standard IEEE 14-bus system with and without the above FACTS devices and the results obtained are compared. All the above simulations are conducted in a MATLAB 7.9-R2009b environment.

Keywords： flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS)     thyristor controlled switching capacitor (TCSC)     thyristor controlled phase angle regulator (TCPAR)     market power     must-run generation (MRG)     nodal must-run share (NMRS)    

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Comparison of modeling methods for wind power prediction: a critical study

Rashmi P. SHETTY, A. SATHYABHAMA, P. Srinivasa PAI

Frontiers in Energy 2020, Volume 14, Issue 2,   Pages 347-358 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0553-3

Abstract: Prediction of power generation of a wind turbine is crucial, which calls for accurate and reliable models. In this work, six different models have been developed based on wind power equation, concept of power curve, response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN), and the results have been compared. To develop the models based on the concept of power curve, the manufacturer’s power curve, and to develop RSM as well as ANN models, the data collected from supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) of a 1.5 MW turbine have been used. In addition to wind speed, the air density, blade pitch angle, rotor speed and wind direction have been considered as input variables for RSM and ANN models. Proper selection of input variables and capability of ANN to map input-output relationships have resulted in an accurate model for wind power prediction in comparison to other methods.

Keywords： power curve     method of least squares     cubic spline interpolation     response surface methodology     artificial neural network (ANN)    

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Applying an Integrated Systems Perspective to the Management of Engineering Projects

Simon P. Philbin

Frontiers of Engineering Management 2015, Volume 2, Issue 1,   Pages 19-30 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015004

Abstract: Traditionally projects have been viewed according to the so called “iron triangle,” i. e., achievement

Keywords： integrated systems perspective     engineering projects     management    

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Utilisation of waste heat from exhaust gases of drying process

Olga P. Arsenyeva,Lidija Čuček,Leonid L. Tovazhnyanskyy,Petro O. Kapustenko,Yana A.Kusakov,Oleksandr I. Matsegora

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2016, Volume 10, Issue 1,   Pages 131-138 doi: 10.1007/s11705-016-1560-8

Abstract: Nowadays a lot of low-grade heat is wasted from the industry through the off- and flue-gasses with different compositions. These gases provide the sensitive heat with utilisation potential and latent heat with the components for condensation. In this paper, process integration methodology has been applied to the partly condensed streams. A hot composite curve that represents the gas mixture cooling according to equation of state for real gases was drawn to account the gas-liquid equilibrium. According to the pinch analysis methodology, the pinch point was specified and optimal minimal temperature difference was determined. The location of the point where gas and liquid phases can be split for better recuperation of heat energy within heat exchangers is estimated using the developed methodology. The industrial case study of tobacco drying process off-gasses is analysed for heat recovery. The mathematical model was developed by using MathCad software to minimise the total annualised cost using compact plate heat exchangers for waste heat utilisation. The obtained payback period for the required investments is less than six months. The presented method was validated by comparison with industrial test data.

Keywords： exhaust gas     waste heat     process integration     plate heat exchanger    

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Assessment of an alternative to deep foundations in compressible clays: the structural cell foundation

MARTÍNEZ-GALVÁN, Miguel P. ROMO

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2018, Volume 12, Issue 1,   Pages 67-80 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0399-5

Abstract: The new type of deep foundation for buildings on saturated, compressible-low strength clayey soil deposits, branded structural cell essentially consists of a rigid concrete top slab, structurally connected to reinforced concrete peripheral walls (diaphragms) that enclose the natural soil. Accordingly, as the initial volume of the confined soft clays within the lateral stiff diaphragms will remain constant upon loading, the hollowed structural cell will be “transformed” into a very large cross-section pillar of unit weight slightly higher than that of the natural soft clayey soil. This type of foundation seems to be a highly competitive alternative to the friction pile-box foundations (widely used in Mexico City clays), due to its economic and environmental advantages. Economies result, for example, from the absence of huge excavations hence sparing the need of earth retaining structures. Further savings result from appreciably smaller concrete volumes required for building the structural cell than the friction pile-box foundation; moreover, the construction time of the former is much shorter than that of the latter. Regarding the impact to the environment, less air contamination follows from the fact that both traffic jams and soil excavation lessen appreciably. Considering these facts and others regarding scheduling, it was decided to replace 48-friction pile-box foundations specified in the master plan project by this new type of foundation. The overall behavior of these cell foundations over a five-year period is fared from close visual observations and their leveling during the first three years after their construction.

Keywords： deep foundations     bearing capacity     resistant moment     structural cell     3D numerical modeling    

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MILP synthesis of separation processes for waste oil-in-water emulsions treatment

Pintarič,Gorazd P. Škof,Zdravko Kravanja

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2016, Volume 10, Issue 1,   Pages 120-130 doi: 10.1007/s11705-016-1559-1

Abstract: This paper presents a novel synthesis method for designing integrated processes for oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions treatment. General superstructure involving alternative separation technologies is developed and modelled as a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model for maximum annual profit. Separation processes in the superstructure are divided into three main sections of which the pretreatment and final treatment are limited to the selection of one alternative (or bypass) only, while within the intermediate section various combinations of different technologies in series can be selected. Integrated processes composed of selected separation techniques for given ranges of input chemical oxygen demand (COD) can be proposed by applying parametric analyses within the superstructure approach. This approach has been applied to an existing industrial case study for deriving optimal combinations of technologies for treating diverse oil-in-water emulsions within the range of input COD values between 1000 mg?L and 145000 mg?L . The optimal solution represents a flexible and profitable process for reducing the COD values below maximal allowable limits for discharging effluent into surface water.

Keywords： oil-in-water emulsion     chemical oxygen demand     superstructure     process synthesis     MILP    

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Managing water for life

Daniel P. LOUCKS, Haifeng JIA

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2012, Volume 6, Issue 2,   Pages 255-264 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0359-6

Abstract: Water is essential for life. In spite of the entire engineering infrastructure devoted to the treatment, regulation and beneficial uses of water, occasionally sufficient quantities and qualities of water become scarce. When this happens, just how do we decide how much less water to allocate to all of us and the activities we engage in to sustain and enhance our quality of life? This paper addresses some of the complexities of answering such a question, especially as society increasingly recognizes the need to provide flow regimes that will maintain healthy aquatic and floodplain ecosystems that also impact the economic, physical and even the spiritual quality of our lives. For we depend on these ecosystems to sustain our wellbeing. We are indeed a part of our ecosystems. We depend upon on aquatic ecosystems to moderate river flow qualities and quantities, reduce the extremes of floods and droughts, reduce erosion, detoxify and decompose waterborne wastes, generate and preserve flood plain soils and renew their fertility, regulate disease carrying organisms, and to enhance recreational benefits of river systems. This question of deciding just how much water to allocate to each water user and for the maintenance of viable aquatic ecosystems, especially when there is not enough, is a complex, and largely political, issue. This issue is likely to become even more complex and political and contentious in the future as populations grow and as water quantities and their qualities become even more variable and uncertain.

Keywords： water stress     aquatic ecosystems     sustainable water resource allocations     ecosystem water requirements    

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Effective Anti-Obesity Drugs Make Losing Weight a Big Deal

P. Williams

Engineering 2024, Volume 32, Issue 1,   Pages 4-6 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.11.005

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Advanced cement based nanocomposites reinforced with MWCNTs and CNFs

DANOGLIDIS,Surendra P. SHAH

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2016, Volume 10, Issue 2,   Pages 142-149 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0342-1

Abstract: Cementitious materials reinforced with well dispersed multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) at the nanoscale were fabricated and tested. The MWCNTs and CNFs were dispersed by the application of ultrasonic energy and the use of a superplasticizer. Mechanical and fracture properties including flexural strength, Young’s modulus, flexural and fracture toughness were measured and compared with similarly processed reference cement based mixes without the nano-reinforcement. The MWCNTs and CNFs reinforced mortars exhibited superior properties demonstrated by a significant improvement in flexural strength (106%), Young’s modulus (95%), flexural toughness (105%), effective crack length (30%) and fracture toughness (120%).

Keywords： multi-walled carbon nanotubes     carbon nanofibers     mortars     toughness     Young’s modulus    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Numerical investigation of the ultimate lateral resistance of piles in soft clay

Konstantinos P. TZIVAKOS,Michael J. KAVVADAS

Journal Article

Progress in breeding for resistance to Ug99 and other races of the stem rust fungus in CIMMYT wheat germplasm

Sridhar BHAVANI, David P. HODSON, Julio HUERTA-ESPINO, Mandeep S. RANDHAWA, Ravi P. SINGH

Journal Article

Non-thermal plasma for exhaust gases treatment

,Marquidia PACHECO P.,Fernando GÓMEZ B.,Joel PACHECO P.,Arturo COLÍN C.,Hilda FRÍAS P.

Journal Article

Antifungal and antibacterial functions of medicinal leech recombinant destabilase-lysozyme and its heated-up derivative

PISKUNKOVA, I. B. PAVLOVA, L. L. ZAVALOVA, I. P. BASKOVA

Journal Article

Low-k integration: Gas screening for cryogenic etching and plasma damage mitigation

Romain Chanson, Remi Dussart, Thomas Tillocher, P.

Journal Article

Autoimmunity in acute ischemic stroke and the role of blood—brain barrier: the dark side or the light one?

Tsygan, Alexandr P. Trashkov, Igor V. Litvinenko, Viktoriya A. Yakovleva, Alexandr V.Vasiliev, Leonid P. Churilov

Journal Article

Impact of FACTS devices on exercising market power in deregulated electricity market

Shanmugam PRABHAKAR KARTHIKEYAN, I. JACOB RAGLEND, D. P. KOTHARI

Journal Article

Comparison of modeling methods for wind power prediction: a critical study

Rashmi P. SHETTY, A. SATHYABHAMA, P. Srinivasa PAI

Journal Article

Applying an Integrated Systems Perspective to the Management of Engineering Projects

Simon P. Philbin

Journal Article

Utilisation of waste heat from exhaust gases of drying process

Olga P. Arsenyeva,Lidija Čuček,Leonid L. Tovazhnyanskyy,Petro O. Kapustenko,Yana A.Kusakov,Oleksandr I. Matsegora

Journal Article

Assessment of an alternative to deep foundations in compressible clays: the structural cell foundation

MARTÍNEZ-GALVÁN, Miguel P. ROMO

Journal Article

MILP synthesis of separation processes for waste oil-in-water emulsions treatment

Pintarič,Gorazd P. Škof,Zdravko Kravanja

Journal Article

Managing water for life

Daniel P. LOUCKS, Haifeng JIA

Journal Article

Effective Anti-Obesity Drugs Make Losing Weight a Big Deal

P. Williams

Journal Article

Advanced cement based nanocomposites reinforced with MWCNTs and CNFs

DANOGLIDIS,Surendra P. SHAH

Journal Article